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ROCK & ROLL Often used as a generic term, but its sound is rarely predictable. From the outset, when
the early rockers merged country and blues, rock has been defined by its energy, rebellion and catchy
hooks, but as the genre aged, it began to shed those very characteristics, placing equal emphasis on
craftmanship and pushing the boundaries of the music. As a result, everything from Chuck Berry's
pounding, three-chord rockers and the sweet harmonies of the Beatles to the soulful pleas of Otis
Redding and the jarring, atonal white noise of Sonic Youth has been categorized as "rock." That's
accurate -- rock & roll had a specific sound and image for only a handful of years. For most of its life,
rock has been fragmented, spinning off new styles and variations every few years, from Brill Building
Pop and heavy metal to dance-pop and grunge. And that's only natural for a genre that began its life
as a fusion of styles |
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COUNTRY MUSIC
Country music is about tradition, yet its simple form lends itself to endless variations on similar themes.
Like blues -- the two genres often shared themes, melodies and songs -- country is a simple music at
its core. Most of its songs are built around three chords and a plain melody, but these forms are so
basic, they allow for many different styles, from the gritty sounds of honky tonk to the jazzy
improvisations of Western Swing. Country music grew out of American Southern folk music, both
Appalachian and blues, and old-time country was simple and folky, with just guitars and fiddles. As the
genre progressed, old time music evolved into the rhythmic guitar-and-fiddle driven traditional country
that became the foundation of modern country music, from honky tonk and Western Swing to the
pop-oriented Countrypolitan and rock-inflected Bakersfield Sound. |
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BLUES
Blues is about tradition and it's about personal expression. At its core, the blues has remained the
same since its inception. Most blues feature simple, usually three chord, progressions and have simple
structures that are open to endless improvisations, both lyrical and musical. The blues grew out of
African spirituals and worksongs. In the late 1800s, southern African-Americans passed the songs
down orally, and they collided with American folk and country from the Appalachians. New hybrids
appeared by each region, but all of the recorded blues from the early 1900s are distinguished by
simple, rural acoustic guitars and pianos. After World War II, the blues began to fragment, with some
musicians holding on to acoustic traditions and others taking it to jazzier territory. However, most
bluesmen followed Muddy Waters' lead and played the blues on electric instruments. From that point
on, the blues continued to develop in new directions, particularly on electric instruments, or it has been
preserved as an acoustic tradition. |
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JAZZ It's been called America's classical music, and for good reason. Along with the blues, its
forefather, it is one of the first truly indigenous musics to develop in America, yet its unpredictable,
risky ventures into improvisation gave it critical cache with scholars that the blues lacked. At the
outset, jazz was dance music, performed by swinging big bands. Soon, the dance elements faded into
the background and improvisation became the key element of the music. As the genre evolved, the
music split into a number of different styles, from the speedy, hard-hitting rhythms of be-bop and the
laid-back, mellow harmonies of cool jazz to the jittery, atonal forays of free jazz and the earthy
grooves of soul jazz. What tied it all together was a foundation in the blues, a reliance on group
interplay and unpredictable improvisation. Throughout the years, and in all the different styles, those
are the qualities that defined jazz. |
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